Harun Raaj & AssociatesHarun Raaj & Associates

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Real Estate & JDA Taxation

Real Estate Tax

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Overview

Real estate taxation advisory covers the tax positions of the property transactions under the Income-tax Act 1961 — the taxation of the rental income from the house property under Sections 22 to 27, the capital gains on the sale under Sections 45 to 54 with the exemptions for the reinvestment in the residential property under Section 54 and the bonds under Section 54EC, the taxation of the developers and the builders under the business provisions, and the TDS on the property purchases under Section 194-IA. The real estate tax is the set of decisions that decides the cost of buying, holding and selling property.

The property's tax is decided by the nature of the holding and the timing of the transaction — the rental income computed under the house property provisions with the standard deduction of Section 24, the capital gains computed with the indexation and the holding periods, and the exemptions of Sections 54 and 54EC that defer the gains on the reinvestment. For the developers, the projects run under the business provisions with the GST already applied. Each position is a decision the structure should have planned.

The cost of an unplanned real estate tax is the tax paid that the law did not require: the gains taxed because the Section 54 reinvestment was missed, the indexation lost on the holding, the TDS not claimed, the rental deductions not taken. The real estate tax is one of the largest single tax positions most families hold, and the planning is where its cost is decided.

This service is for owners, investors and developers. We plan the acquisition and the holding structure under the Act, manage the rental income and the Section 24 deductions, compute the capital gains with the indexation and the exemptions of Sections 54 and 54EC, handle the TDS under Section 194-IA, and review the real estate positions — so the property's tax is the minimum the law allows.

How It Works

  1. 1

    Property & Holding Review

    We review the properties, the holdings and the transactions.

    Harun Raaj & Associates does this1 week
  2. 2

    Rental & Deduction Planning

    We plan the rental income and the Section 24 deductions.

    Harun Raaj & Associates does this1 week
  3. 3

    Capital Gains Computation

    We compute the gains with the indexation and the holding periods.

    Harun Raaj & Associates does this1 week
  4. 4

    Exemptions & TDS

    We apply the Sections 54 and 54EC exemptions and the Section 194-IA TDS.

    Harun Raaj & Associates does this1 week
  5. 5

    Returns & Review

    We manage the returns and review the real estate positions annually.

    Harun Raaj & Associates does thisAnnual

Frequently Asked Questions

How is rental income from property taxed?
Section 22: annual value (AV) of property is charged as 'income from house property'. AV = higher of (a) actual rent received/receivable, or (b) municipal rental value/fair rent, minus municipal taxes paid. Deductions: standard deduction of 30% of net annual value (Section 24(a)); home loan interest without limit for let-out property (Section 24(b)); and for self-occupied property: interest up to ₹2 lakh (old regime only). For more than 2 properties: all others treated as deemed let out at market rent for income tax purposes — taxable even if vacant.
What are the capital gains rules on sale of property?
Holding period for LTCG: >24 months. LTCG rate: 12.5% without indexation (post 23 July 2024). For properties purchased before 23 July 2024: the taxpayer can choose between 12.5% without indexation or 20% with indexation — whichever is lower. Cost of acquisition: actual cost + improvements + cost of acquisition through inheritance (Section 49 — original owner's indexed cost). STCG (held ≤ 24 months): taxed at slab rate.
What is the Section 54 exemption on property sale and reinvestment?
Section 54: LTCG from sale of residential property is exempt if the entire LTCG amount is invested in purchasing one new residential property within 1 year before or 2 years after the sale, or constructing a house within 3 years. Only one house can be purchased (Finance Act 2023 limited to one property). Capital Gains Accounts Scheme (CGAS) deposit by the ITR due date if the new property is not yet purchased — the CGAS amount must be utilised within the remaining time period.
What is TDS on property sale by an NRI?
Section 195: a resident buyer purchasing property from an NRI must deduct TDS at 20% (LTCG) or 30% (STCG, or if holding period is uncertain) on the sale consideration, not just the gain — unless the NRI obtains a lower/nil deduction certificate (Form 13 application to AO) under Section 197. TDS is on the gross consideration: e.g., on a ₹1 crore property sale by an NRI, the buyer deducts ₹20 lakh TDS even if the NRI's gain is ₹10 lakh. Form 15CA/15CB is required for remittance of sale proceeds abroad.
What is the tax implication of undisclosed property ownership or benami property?
Sections 68/69 of the Income Tax Act: unexplained investments in property are taxable at 60% plus 25% surcharge on tax (effective 78%) under Section 115BBE — no deductions. Section 2(16) of the Benami Transactions Act: property held in another person's name (benami) is liable to confiscation. Joint development agreements (JDA) — landowner transfers development rights to a builder: taxable as capital gains in the year of project completion (post Section 45(5A), Finance Act 2017, for residential property JDAs).

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