Harun Raaj & AssociatesHarun Raaj & Associates
Operations & CFO Services

Financial Projections & Business Plan

Financial Projections

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Overview

Financial projections and the business plan are the numbers and the narrative that a business presents to investors, lenders and its own board — the projected revenue, costs, profits and cash flow, and the plan that explains how the numbers will be achieved. For a funding round, the projections are the investor's first quantitative look at the business; for a loan, they are the lender's test of the repayment; for a strategic plan, they are the management's own commitment. The projections must be built from the business's actuals and assumptions under the record-keeping framework of Section 128 of the Companies Act 2013.

The projections work only when they are believable. The revenue build-up — customers, pricing, channels — must reconcile to the market and the business's own history; the cost structure must match the operating plan; and the cash flow must be the honest product of the two. Investors test the assumptions, lenders test the repayment, and boards test the commitment — a projection that overpromises fails all three tests at the moment it matters.

The cost of unrealistic projections is the credibility of the plan: a funding round that collapses at diligence, a loan that is sanctioned at a fraction of the ask, a board that stops trusting the numbers. The projections that are conservative, documented and internally consistent are the ones that get the capital.

This service is for businesses preparing projections for funding, lending or planning. We build the financial projections from the business's actuals and assumptions, prepare the business plan that narrates the numbers, tie the projections to the model and the market, and support the presentation to investors, lenders and the board.

How It Works

  1. 1

    Business & Market Review

    We review the business, the market and the strategy behind the plan.

    Harun Raaj & Associates does this3-5 days
  2. 2

    Assumption Build

    We build the revenue, cost and investment assumptions from the actuals and the market.

    Harun Raaj & Associates does this1 week
  3. 3

    Projections Preparation

    We prepare the projected P&L, balance sheet and cash flow.

    Harun Raaj & Associates does this1 week
  4. 4

    Business Plan Drafting

    We draft the business plan that narrates and defends the numbers.

    Harun Raaj & Associates does this1 week
  5. 5

    Presentation Support

    We support the plan in investor, lender and board meetings.

    Harun Raaj & Associates does thisAs required

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a CMA data report and when is it required?
Credit Monitoring Arrangement (CMA) data is the financial projection format prescribed by the Indian Banks' Association for term loan and working capital appraisals above ₹2 crore. CMA includes: audited financials for the past 2–3 years, projections for the next 3–5 years, fund flow statement, cash flow statement, and working capital computation (stock + debtors – creditors). Banks require CMA prepared and certified by a CA for all project loans and major facility enhancements.
What assumptions underpin a credible projection model?
Revenue projections: CAGR based on historical growth, industry benchmarks (IBEF/DPIIT/RBI sector reports), and named customer/order pipeline. COGS: BOM (for manufacturers), blended cost per unit with explicit assumptions on input price escalation (WPI index). Overheads: stepped function — not flat percentage of revenue. Working capital: debtor days, creditor days, inventory days from historical actios. Capex: asset-wise with depreciation schedule (Companies Act SLM or WDV).
What is a Project Report and how is it different from a Business Plan?
A Project Report is a formal document for a specific capital expenditure or new business — required by banks, SIDBI, NABARD, and state government subsidy schemes. Contents: promoter background, technical feasibility, market analysis, financial projections, IRR/NPV, payback period, means of finance, security offered. A Business Plan is broader — includes market strategy, team, competitive positioning, and financial model — used for VC/PE fundraising. The CA typically leads the financial section of both.
What is the DSCR and why do banks focus on it?
Debt Service Coverage Ratio = (Net Cash Accruals + Interest on TL) ÷ (Interest on TL + TL Repayment). Banks typically require DSCR ≥ 1.25 for project loans. Net Cash Accruals = PAT + Depreciation. If the DSCR dips below 1.0 in any projection year, the project cannot service debt from operations — the bank will not lend without additional collateral or a moratorium. The DSCR table is the first thing a credit officer reviews in the CMA.
Can a CA firm certify financial projections?
Yes — under an Agreed-Upon Procedures (AUP) engagement per SA 4400, the CA firm verifies that the projections have been arithmetically checked and prepared on the stated assumptions. The CA does not provide assurance on whether the assumptions are reasonable (that would require an Examination of Prospective Financial Information under SRE 3400). For bank CMA, the AUP format is typically sufficient. For SEBI/RBI-regulated transactions (IPO, ECB), SRE 3400 standard applies.

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